FORTRESS No 9 ENGLISH CIVIL WAR FORTIFICATIONS

The techniques of European warfare were transformed during the 15th and 16th Centuries by the use of gunpowder and by substantial progress in the effectiveness and destructive power of artillery. The series of conflicts in the 1640s, known collectively as the English Civil War, was the first in the British Isles that reflected this new reality. Sieges that aimed at isolating and reducing fortified places became the dominant instrument for prosecuting the war and protective fortifications were vital, for both the besieged as well as the besieger. This title describes how both the Parliamentarians and the Royalists made use of new fortification techniques throughout the course of this conflict. Contents: Chronology * Design and Development * Tour of the Sites * The Principles of Defence * The Living Sites * Operational History * Aftermath * The Sites Today * Bibliography and Further Reading * This book examines the history, evolution, military architecture and natural setting * Cutaway artwork and exploded diagrams reveal the key features.